2025

Nyāya Philosophy: A Critical Analysis Of Logic And Knowledge

Author(s): Dr. Nakul Kumar Sahoo

Abstract

This paper explores the Nyāya School of philosophy, a prominent classical Indian system, renowned for its emphasis on logic, epistemology, and analytical inquiry. Nyāya offers a comprehensive approach to understanding knowledge acquisition, grounded in four key Pramāṇam i.e. perception, inference, comparison, and verbal testimony. By systematically analyzing these sources of valid knowledge, Nyāya establishes a robust structure for discerning truth from error. The paper further explores Nyāya’s contributions to the field of logical reasoning, particularly its methods for constructing and evaluating arguments. Key contributions from influential Nyaya scholars are discussed, shedding light on their role in advancing analytical thought. By examining Nyāya’s analytical foundations, this study aims to demonstrate the enduring relevance of this philosophical tradition in contemporary discussions on epistemology and logic.