Author(s): Aminat Alabi
Abstract:
Objective: This study examines the cognitive benefits and challenges of bilingual education by analyzing recent empirical research. The focus is on executive functioning, problem-solving skills, and the effects of bilingualism on cognitive decline, alongside potential drawbacks such as vocabulary acquisition issues and language interference. Methods: A systematic review of peer-reviewed studies from 2010 to 2024 was conducted. Databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate were used to collect relevant literature. Studies were selected based on criteria such as sample size, research methodology, and direct relevance to bilingual education and cognitive outcomes. Results: Findings indicate that bilingual individuals demonstrate enhanced executive control, increased cognitive flexibility, and a delayed onset of neurodegenerative conditions such as dementia. Bilingualism is also associated with improved problem-solving and creative abilities. However, challenges such as slower vocabulary development in early childhood and occasional language interference were observed, particularly in younger learners. Conclusion: Bilingual education offers significant cognitive benefits, supporting the development of executive functions and long-term cognitive resilience. Despite challenges, the overall advantages suggest that bilingual education should be promoted with structured interventions to mitigate drawbacks.
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