Author(s): Mousumi Gorai
Abstract:
The Jungle Mahal region of West Bengal, historically comprising parts of present-day Paschim Medinipur, Jhargram, Bankura, and Purulia districts, has undergone significant environmental transformations from the colonial period to the present. Once characterized by dense forests, rich biodiversity, and indigenous ecological practices, the region today faces acute environmental crisis including deforestation, land degradation, water scarcity, and loss of biodiversity. This paper examines the historical trajectory of environmental change in Jungle Mahal, focusing on the impact of colonial forest policies, post-colonial development strategies, and socio-economic pressures. It argues that the environmental crisis is deeply rooted in exploitative governance structures and the marginalization of indigenous communities, particularly Adivasis. The Jungle Mahal environment represents a fragile yet vital ecological zone where natural resources and human livelihoods are deeply interconnected. While rich in forest and cultural heritage, the region faces serious environmental degradation. Sustainable management—balancing conservation with development—is essential to ensure the long-term ecological and socio-economic stability of Jungle Mahal. The Jungle Mahal environment refers to a distinctive ecological and socio-cultural region in eastern India, primarily spread across parts of West Bengal (notably Purulia, Jhargram, Bankura, and parts of Paschim Medinipur), with extensions into neighboring areas of Jharkhand and Odisha. The term “Jungle Mahal” literally means “forest region,” and it reflects both the natural vegetation and the historical identity of the area.
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