Author(s): Pintu Sarkar
Abstract:
The tribal communities of Cooch Behar district in West Bengal represent an important component of the region’s social and cultural diversity. Although numerically smaller compared to other population groups, these communities possess a rich heritage rooted in traditional occupations, indigenous knowledge systems, and close interaction with nature. Major tribal groups such as the Santal, Oraon, Munda, Rabha, Mech, Garo, and Bhumij have historically inhabited the rural and forest-adjacent areas of the district, maintaining distinct languages, customs, rituals, and social institutions. Over time, processes of modernization, economic change, and cultural interaction with non-tribal populations have significantly influenced their traditional way of life. Issues such as limited educational opportunities, economic marginalization, and cultural assimilation continue to affect these communities. At the same time, government initiatives and local efforts toward social welfare, education, and cultural preservation have contributed to gradual socio-economic transformation. This study seeks to provide an overview of the tribal communities of Cooch Behar district by examining their demographic presence, cultural practices, livelihood patterns, and contemporary challenges, highlighting the need for inclusive development that respects and preserves their unique cultural identity.
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