2025

Energy Connectivity And Regional Integration: India’s Role In Strengthening Energy Security In South Asia

Author(s): Loknath Haldar

Abstract

Energy security has emerged as one of the most critical challenges for South Asia due to rapid economic growth, population expansion, and increasing demand for reliable energy resources. Despite possessing diverse energy potential, the region continues to experience persistent energy shortages because of uneven distribution of resources, inadequate infrastructure, and limited regional cooperation. In this context, regional energy connectivity has become an important mechanism for addressing energy deficits and promoting sustainable development. As the largest economy and energy market in South Asia, India plays a crucial role in strengthening regional energy cooperation through the strategic use of energy diplomacy. Over the past two decades, India has increasingly promoted cross-border electricity trade, hydropower cooperation, and renewable energy collaboration with neighbouring countries such as Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan. These initiatives have contributed to enhancing regional energy connectivity and fostering economic interdependence among South Asian states. This study examines India’s role in strengthening energy connectivity and regional integration in South Asia and evaluates how these initiatives contribute to improving regional energy security. The research adopts a qualitative methodology based on the analysis of secondary data drawn from academic literature, policy reports, government documents, and energy studies. The findings suggest that India’s energy diplomacy has facilitated cross-border electricity trade and hydropower cooperation, thereby improved energy access and promoting regional collaboration. The study concludes that strengthening regional energy connectivity through cooperative frameworks and sustainable energy initiatives can play a vital role in ensuring long-term energy security and economic stability in South Asia.