Author(s): Saidul Islam
Abstract:
Soil salinization, the accumulation of soluble salts in the soil, is a major threat to agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. This study examines the primary causes of soil salinization, focusing on improper irrigation practices and climatic factors such as high temperatures, low rainfall, and rising water tables. Excessive irrigation, use of saline water, and poor drainage contribute significantly to the accumulation of salts in the root zone, while climatic conditions exacerbate the problem by increasing evapotranspiration and limiting natural leaching. The effects of salinization include reduced soil fertility, degraded soil structure, decreased crop yields, loss of biodiversity, and increased risk of desertification. The study also highlights effective mitigation strategies, including improved irrigation techniques, soil amendments, proper drainage, crop management, and policy interventions. By understanding the causes and impacts of soil salinization, sustainable land management practices can be implemented to preserve soil health and ensure long-term agricultural productivity.
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